Chapter 2 :Fundamentals of the world Wide Web and Internet

August 31, 2016. Wednesday

Evolution of the Internet

·         Internet was called ARPANET in September 1969.

·         ARPANET main goals:

        a) Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together.

        b) Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed.

·         Timeline

• Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network.

-The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards.

• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network .
• Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service .
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.

 In Evolution of the Internet

How a home user's data & info might travel the internet using a cable modem connection

•       IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

•       domain name is the text version of an IP address

–      Top-level domain (TLD)

•        DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

The World Wide Web

•       The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)

•       A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items

•       A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer

•       Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact

•       A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

•       A home page is the first page that a Web site displays

•       Web pages provide links to other related Web pages

•       Surfing the Web

•       Downloading is the process of receiving information

•       Some Web pages are designed specifically for microbrowsers

•       A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address

•       Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window

•       Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories

•       A search engine is helpful in locating items such as:

•       Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search text

•       Search operators can help to refine your search 

13 types of websites:

i) Portal                                          viii) Educational

ii) News                                            ix) Entertainment

iii) Informational                                 x) Advocacy

                                                         (funding/charity)

iv) Business/Marketing                          xi) Web application

v) Blog                                              xii) Content aggregator

vi) Wiki                                             xiii) Personal

vii) Online social network

E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs overran electronic network.

Other Internet Services

•       E-mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network.

•       An e-mail program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages.

•       A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name.

-Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address.

-Unsubscribing removes your name.

•       Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service.

•       A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer.

•       A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other.

•       VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet.

•       Also called Internet telephony.

•       A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject.

•       Typically requires a newsreader.

•       A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group.

•       FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet.

•       Many operating systems include FTP capabilities.

•       An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP.

        Netiquette

Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior .

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

- It is used to transmit digital data over telephone lines

Fiber to the premises (FTTP)

- It is a form of fiber-optic communication delivery, in which an optical fiber is run in an optical distribution network from the central office all the way to the premises occupied by the subscriber

Fixed wireless

- It is the operation of wireless devices or systems used to connect 2 fixed locations with a radio or other wireless link

- It is part of a wireless LAN infrastructure

- It is a cost-effective alternative to leasing fiber or installing cables between 2 buildings

Cellular radio network

- It is a communication network where the last link is wireless

- The network is distributed over land areas called cells

Wi-Fi

- It is a technology that allow electronic devices to connect to a 

wireless local area network (WLAN)

- A WLAN is usually password protected, but may be open, which allow any device within its range to access the resources of the WLAN

Satellite internet service

- Its Internet access provided through communications satellites

- It is typically provided to individual users through geostationary satellites that can offer relatively high data speeds